Genital tuberculosi Genital tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis (TB) that affects the reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix, vagina, and testes. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the same bacterium that causes pulmonary tuberculosis. Here are some key points about genital tuberculosis: Transmission: Genital tuberculosis is usually secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. The bacteria reach the reproductive organs through the bloodstream or lymphatic system from a primary infection elsewhere in the body, typically the lungs. Symptoms: The symptoms of genital tuberculosis can vary widely and may include pelvic pain, abnormal menstrual cycles (such as irregular periods or amenorrhea), infertility (difficulty in conceiving), and sometimes abnormal vaginal discharge. Diagnosis: Diagnosing genital tuberculosis can be challenging because the symptoms can mimic other gynecological conditions. It often requires a high index of suspicion, especially in endemic areas where tuberculosis is prevalent. Diagnosis may involve imaging studies (like ultrasound or MRI), biopsy of affected tissues, and testing for tuberculosis bacteria. Treatment: Treatment usually involves a prolonged course of antibiotics, similar to those used for pulmonary tuberculosis. The standard treatment regimen typically includes multiple drugs taken over several months to ensure complete eradication of the bacteria. Surgery may be necessary in cases of severe damage to reproductive organs or if there are complications like abscess formation. Complications: If left untreated, genital tuberculosis can lead to chronic pelvic pain, scarring and adhesions within the reproductive organs (which can lead to infertility), and in rare cases, spread of infection to nearby organs. Prevention: Prevention involves early detection and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, as well as raising awareness among healthcare providers about the possibility of genital tuberculosis in patients presenting with gynecological symptoms. Overall, genital tuberculosis is a rare but significant form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that can have serious implications for reproductive health. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to minimize complications and improve outcomes for affected individuals.